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2,200-year-old leaf-wrapped grain bundles found in Chinese tomb may be ancient precursor to ‘zongzi’_我的网站
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In March 2024, archaeologists from the National Center for Archaeology excavated a large number of well-preserved, waterlogged plant bundles from the tomb's outer coffin chamber. On-site, the plant bundles could be seen tightly wrapped in broad leaves and tied with plant-fiber cords.
A team of researchers led by the National Center for Archaeology, IVPP, and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences examined 12 of the bundles and found that the wrapping leaves came from oak trees, while the cords were made from grasses.
The bundles mainly contained rice, broomcorn millet, foxtail millet, and cereal seeds, most of which were still in their husks and mixed with inflorescence material. Small amounts of peppercorn, mallow and rice-field weed seeds were also found.
The fact that the bundles were found in a tomb and mainly contained grains still in their husks suggests they were not everyday food, but offerings intended for funerary rituals. "This might reflect a Warring States-era belief that grains served as wealth for the dead in the underworld," Ge Yong, an associate researcher at the IVPP and the study's corresponding author, told the Global Times.
A Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC) text describes a belief that "soybeans were gold and millet was money" for the dead, indicating that grains held symbolic significance in funerary culture. "The bundles therefore appear to have been ritual offerings prepared for the deceased," Ge said, "not food for the living."
The physical structure of the bundles also resembles that of zongzi, with grains wrapped in leaves and tightly secured with plant-fiber cords. "Similar practices of wrapping grains for burial have also been found elsewhere within the Chu cultural sphere," Ge said, "such as at the Chengyangcheng Site."
At the Chengyangcheng archaeological site in Henan Province, rice and broomcorn millet were also discovered wrapped in oak leaves. "An interesting fact is that we can still find zongzi wrapped with the same oak leaves now in regions related to the Chu cultural sphere."
"The findings suggest that wrapping grains as funerary offerings was a relatively common practice in the Chu state during the Warring States period," Ge said. "And this practice may have been an early form of the zongzi later associated with the legend of Qu Yuan."
These plant bundles share a structure similar to that of modern zongzi and to those described in legends and folklore. This might reflect how, through cultural exchange and heritage, these 2,200-year-old plant bundles likely evolved over centuries, shifting from sacrificial offerings to food, said Ge.
As diverse regional populations adapted the practice, it eventually transformed into the well-known Dragon Boat Festival tradition of eating zongzi. Thus, this structural resemblance might suggest a potential historical lineage; however, experts stressed that the Wuwangdun bundles should not simply be labelled as ancient zongzi.
"We can't define these plant bundles as the earliest zongzi, but rather, we can confirm that by 2,200 years ago at the latest, the Chu region had established a tradition of using this specific form of plant bundles for funeral rites. And this tradition could be a possible origin or precursor of the well-known zongzi," said Ge.
He added that the discovery provides critical physical evidence to explore the origins of zongzi and its cultural heritage.
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直播吧4月21日讯 在4-0战胜伊普斯维奇后，阿森纳攻击手特罗萨德在接受采访时表示，无需盯着利物浦，而是要一场接一场踢好比赛。
特罗萨德这样谈道：“总的来说，我认为这是一场精彩的比赛，我们有很多机会，最终打进了4球，每个人的表现都很出色，这对我们自己也很重要。我们无需盯着利物浦，我们需要的就是继续保持这种状态，一场接一场比赛。
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“我们想赢下每一场比赛，但我们知道联赛有多艰难，今天我们赢下了一场，我们只需要继续努力，向前迈进。我很高兴再次进球，并帮助球队取胜。我们取得这样的成绩是有原因的，我们在欧冠表现非常出色，我们需要保持信念。
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Published on:08:07:44