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Chinese scientists develop ‘brain-reading’ AI model to help predict depression risk, may inspire future emotional-perception humanoids_我的网站

A | 北京时间1月14日，SpaceX上周宣布计划裁员10%。

B | 现在，新的裁员信息显示，SpaceX在这轮裁员中拥有577个总部职位。就在上周五上午，SpaceX成功完成了新年的第一次火箭发射任务后，它告诉员工10%的员工将被解雇。    

Brain-reading AI model reveals how different brain regions are linked to cognitive functions. Photo: Courtesy of Lu Han
Chinese scientists have developed a “brain-reading” AI model that could help predict the risk of depression among adolescents up to four years in advance by analyzing how humans respond to facial expressions, a technology expected to inspire future development of embodied intelligent humanoids capable of perceiving human emotion and thoughts through nuanced facial cues. 
WHO data show that around 332 million people worldwide have depression, about one-third of whom have treatment-resistant forms of the condition. In China, an estimated 95 million people suffer from depression, National Business Daily reported, citing statistics from the China Mental Health Survey. 
Using data from a population-based longitudinal adolescent cohort recruited across several European countries, the research team led by Lu Han, assistant professor at the School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen University, has built an AI model that predicted which 19-year-olds were more likely to develop depression at the age of 23. The predictions were backed up by an independent clinical cohort of individuals with depression. The team’s paper was published in the journal Science Advances this month.
According to Lu, the study used brain scans taken at age 19 to predict depression-related symptoms at age 23. The study focuses on adolescence because the transition from adolescence to early adulthood is a key developmental period when depressive symptoms can increase rapidly. The earlier risks are identified, the greater the opportunity for prevention, Lu told the Global Times on Monday, adding that the findings need to be further validated in middle-aged and older adults and across different ethnic groups in future research. 
In this study, the researchers analyzed data from adolescents in the IMAGEN, a population-based longitudinal cohort recruited across several European countries. At age 19, participants underwent an fMRI emotional-face task, and their emotional symptoms were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Genetic data obtained from blood samples were also analyzed, and participants were followed up at age 23. The researchers examined whether neural representations of angry faces at age 19 were associated with emotional symptoms and could predict elevated emotional symptoms four years later.
According to Lu, people without depression can more easily distinguish emotional changes based on others’ facial expressions and respond accordingly – for example, responding with friendliness to a smiling expression. But people with depression cannot do this, and are more likely to assume people are angry with them. 
A brain-aligned deep-learning model developed by Lu’s team suggested that those participants whose brains were less able to distinguish between different facial emotions and tended to perceive others as angry were more likely to develop symptoms of depression and anxiety in adulthood. 
The hypothesis that adolescents at risk of depression may respond differently to other people’s facial expressions than those without such risk based on the negative information processing bias long observed in depression research: people at risk of depression are more likely to notice, interpret, or remember negative social information, Lu said. 
The researchers focused on angry facial expressions because they signal social threat and rejection, which are closely linked to interpersonal difficulties and negativity bias associated with depression. They hope to further understand how this bias develops within the visual system. 
Building on this, they created a deep learning model, which mimics how the brain processes visual information, to predict how the brain encodes abstract emotional concepts such as anger.
They found that 19-year-olds whose response to facial expressions was skewed in favour of negative emotions or memories were the most likely to develop some form of depression.
Based on these findings, Lu’s team then developed a marker that can identify possible warning signs. 
According to Lu, the study found that the computational biomarker was linked to the depression-related variant rs11123030 and polygenic risk for depression, suggesting that genetic susceptibility may affect emotional perception. It also provided predictive information beyond family stress and socioeconomic factors, complementing rather than replacing environmental risk factors. Therefore, depression is neither purely genetic nor purely psychological, but a complex mental disorder arising from the interplay of genetic susceptibility, brain development, emotional and cognitive processes, and life experiences. 
According to Lu, the study is also expected to advance AI by aligning deep neural networks with human brain activity and using parameter perturbations to probe neural mechanisms, allowing models to both predict and explain how biases may arise. 
The findings suggest that future affective computing and embodied AI should go beyond simply labeling facial expressions, incorporating visual details while preventing prior assumptions from overriding real-time sensory input, Lu said, adding that the findings could provide valuable insights for developing more interpretable robotic perception systems that more closely emulate the way humans process emotions.
。没有野性的员工提前回家，等待通知发送到私人邮箱，以确定他们的命运。

C | SpaceX超过6000名员工中的绝大多数都在其位于加利福尼亚州霍桑的总部和火箭工厂工作，而数百名员工则在西雅图、佛罗里达、华盛顿和德克萨斯州工作。加州SBWIB执行董事Jan Vogel表示，SpaceX霍桑总部将裁员577人，其中包括生产经理、航空电子技术人员、机械师、库存管理专家和推进技术人员。”沃格尔周日接受采访时说：“大规模裁员总是令人遗憾的。”我们正与SpaceX联系，为受影响的员工提供过渡服务。洛杉矶有许多航空公司，我们准备帮助他们。SpaceX在2018年完成了创纪录的21次火箭发射，其中包括商业卫星运营商、NASA和美国军方。但SpaceX总裁兼首席运营官格温纳•肖特威尔（Gwynne Shotwell）警告称，由于火箭发射市场规模有限，来自地球通信行业的订单可能会减少。”肖特维尔在去年5月的一次采访中说：“明年，你将看不到像2018年那样多的新品发布。”2019年将是一个缓慢的一年。

D | ”spacex在本月早些时候的监管文件中披露，作为其5亿美元融资计划的一部分，它已经完成了2.73亿美元的股权融资。此前媒体报道称，SpaceX的融资额为305亿美元。

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